ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to reveal the gonadoprotective effects of myricetin (MYC), which has many biological properties, on cisplatin (CP)-induced testicular damage in rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control (group given no treatment), MYC (group given 5 mg/kg/i.p myricetin for 7 days), CP (group given 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin at 7th day) and MYC + CP (group given 5 mg/kg/i.p myricetin for 7 days before 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin injection). After administrations, testicular tissues of animals were extracted and processed according to tissue processing protocol. Hematoxylin & Eosin staining were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes and Johnsen'sTesticular Biopsy Score (JTBS) was applied and mean seminiferous tubule diameters (MSTD) were measured to compare experimental groups in terms of histopathological changes. Moreover, TLR4, NF-kB, HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining and the density of immunoreactivity were measured to determine the difference in the expression levels of these factors among groups. Additionally, testicular apoptosis was detected via TUNEL assay. JTBS and MSTD data were significantly lower in CP group compared to other groups and MYC administrations significantly protects testicular tissue against CP-induced damage. Moreover, TLR4, NF-kB, HSP70 and HSP90 expressions and apoptotic cells significantly increased in the CP group (p<0.05). However, MYC administrations exerted a strong gonadoprotective effect on testicular tissue in terms of these parameters in MYC+CP group (p<0.05). According to our results, we suggested that MYC can be considered as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced testicular damage.
El objetivo de este estudio es revelar los efectos gonadoprotectores de la miricetina (MYC), que tiene muchas propiedades biológicas, sobre el daño testicular inducido por cisplatino (CP) en ratas. Para este propósito, se dividieron 40 ratas albinas Wistar macho en 4 grupos: Control (grupo que no recibió tratamiento), MYC (grupo que recibió 5 mg/kg/i.p de miricetina durante 7 días), CP (grupo que recibió 7 mg/kg/i.p de cisplatino al séptimo día) y MYC + CP (grupo que recibió 5 mg/ kg/i.p de miricetina durante 7 días antes de la inyección de 7 mg/ kg/i.p de cisplatino). Después de las administraciones, se extrajeron y procesaron tejidos testiculares de animales según el protocolo de procesamiento de tejidos. Se realizó tinción con hematoxilina y eosina para evaluar los cambios histopatológicos y se aplicó la puntuación de biopsia testicular de Johnsen (JTBS) y se midieron los diámetros medios de los túbulos seminíferos (MSTD) para comparar los grupos experimentales en términos de cambios histopatológicos. Además, los niveles de expresión de TLR4, NF-kB, HSP70 y HSP90 se detectaron mediante tinción inmunohistoquímica y se midió la densidad de inmunorreactividad para determinar la diferencia en los niveles de expresión de estos factores entre los grupos. Además, se detectó apoptosis testicular mediante el ensayo TUNEL. Los datos de JTBS y MSTD fueron significativamente más bajos en el grupo CP en comparación con otros grupos y las administraciones de MYC protegen significativamente el tejido testicular contra el daño inducido por CP. Además, las expresiones de TLR4, NF-kB, HSP70 y HSP90 y las células apoptóticas aumentaron significativamente en el grupo CP (p<0,05). Sin embargo, las administraciones de MYC ejercieron un fuerte efecto gonadoprotector sobre el tejido testicular en términos de estos parámetros en el grupo MYC+CP (p<0,05). Según nuestros resultados, sugerimos que MYC puede considerarse como un agente protector contra el daño testicular inducido por cisplatino.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Testis/drug effects , Testis/injuries , Flavonoids/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/toxicity , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Immunohistochemistry , NF-kappa B , Rats, Wistar , Heat-Shock Response , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Inflammation , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin (CP), which are associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, may adversely affect the reproductive system. This study tests whether administration of propolis and nano-propolis (NP) can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats with testicular damage induced by CP.@*METHODS@#In this study, polymeric nanoparticles including propolis were synthesized with a green sonication method and characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and wet scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. In total, 56 rats were divided into the following seven groups: control, CP, propolis, NP-10, CP + propolis, CP + NP-10, and CP + NP-30. Propolis (100 mg/kg), NP-10 (10 mg/kg), and NP-30 (30 mg/kg) treatments were administered by gavage daily for 21 d, and CP (3 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose. After the experiment, oxidative stress parameters, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), and apoptotic pathways including B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were measured in testicular tissues. Furthermore, sperm quality and weights of the testis, epididymis, right cauda epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Propolis and NP (especially NP-30) were able to preserve oxidative balance (decreased MDA levels and increased GSH, CAT, and GPx activities) and activate apoptotic pathways (decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2) in the testes of CP-treated rats. Sperm motility in the control, CP, and CP + NP-30 groups were 60%, 48.75%, and 78%, respectively (P < 0.001). Especially, NP-30 application completely corrected the deterioration in sperm features induced by CP.@*CONCLUSION@#The results show that propolis and NP treatments mitigated the side effects of CP on spermatogenic activity, antioxidant situation, and apoptosis in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/metabolism , Cisplatin/toxicity , Oxidative Stress , Propolis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sperm Motility , TestisABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Origanum vulgare Linn has traditionally been used as a diuretic and antispasmodic. Therefore, we investigated the active extract of Origanum vulgare for possible andrological effect and preventive effects against testicular damage using ethylene glycol rat model of testicular damage, to rationalize its medicinal use. Male Wistar rats received lithogenic treatment comprising of 0.75 % ethylene glycol injection twice with one day interval, then in drinking water, active extract of Origanum vulgare treatment (20 mg/kg) was given for 3 weeks to prevent toxic damage including loss of body weight gain and appetite, Following oral administration of EGME, a rapid decrease in testis weight associated with testicular cell damage was observed. Origanum vulgare treatment (20 mg/kg) prevented as well as reversed toxic changes including loss of body weight gain.
RESUMEN: Origanum vulgare Linn se ha usado tradicionalmente como diurético y antiespasmódico. Por lo tanto, investigamos el extracto activo de Origanum vulgare por su posible efecto andrológico y efectos preventivos contra el daño testicular utilizando el modelo de rata de etilenglicol de daño testicular. El objetivo del estudio fue racionalizar su uso medicinal. Su utilizaron ratas Wistar macho que recibieron un tratamiento litogénico de una inyección de etilenglicol al 0,75 %, dos veces con un intervalo de un día, y luego se administró en agua potable. Se administró el extracto activo del tratamiento con Origanum vulgare (20 mg / kg) durante 3 semanas con el objetivo de prevenir el daño tóxico, la pérdida de peso corporal y el apetito. Tras la administración oral de EGME, se observó una rápida disminución del peso de los testículos asociada al daño de las células testiculares. El tratamiento con Origanum vulgare (20 mg / kg) logró prevenir y revertir las alteraciones tóxicas, incluyendo la pérdida de peso corporal.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Testis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Origanum/chemistry , Ethylene Glycols/toxicity , Testicular Diseases/prevention & control , Testis/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Protective AgentsABSTRACT
Although Momordica charantia (MC) has preventive effects on tissue injuries, antioxidant capacity and protective effect of MC pulp and peel (MCP) on valproic acid (VPA)-testicular damage have never been reported. Fresh MCPs were aqueous extracted and determined for antioxidant capacity and momordicine I level by HPLC. Male rats were divided into 5 groups (control, VPA (500 mg/kgBW), MCP20/40/ or 80 mg/kgBW+VPA). In 30 experimental days, animals were pretreated with different doses of MCPs for 20 days before VPA injection for 10 consecutive days. Sperm concentration, testosterone hormone, and testicular histology of all groups were investigated. Expressions of testicular tyrosine phosphorylated and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) proteins were examined by Western blot. Results showed that MCP contains TPC (39.24±0.65 ug/mg garlic acid), antioxidant capacities (FRAP=33.08±0.21 ug/ mg ascorbic acid equivalent, IC50 of DPPH=389.8±3.20 ug/ml), and momordicine I (404.9 mg/g MCP). Sperm concentration in MCP80+VPA group was increased as compared to VPA group. Testosterone level in MCP treated groups was significantly increased. MCP protected testicular damage and could prevent the decrease of StAR and a 50-kDa phosphorylated protein expression in VPAtreated testis. In conclusion, MCP has antioxidant activities and can prevent male reproductive toxicity in VPA-induced rats.
A pesar que la Momordica charantia (MC) tiene efectos preventivos sobre las lesiones en los tejidos, capacidad antioxidante y un efecto protector de la pulpa y la cáscara de MC (CMC) sobre el ácido valproico (AVP), aún no se ha informado efectos sobre el daño testicular. Las CMC frescas fueron extraídas de forma acuosa y se determinó la capacidad antioxidante y el nivel de Momordicina I por HPLC. Las ratas machos se dividieron en 5 grupos: control, AVP (500 mg/kg de peso corporal), CMC20 / 40 / u 80 mg/kg de peso corporal + AVP . En 30 días experimentales, los animales fueron pretratados con diferentes dosis de CMC durante 20 días antes de la inyección de AVP durante 10 días consecutivos. Se investigó la concentración de espermatozoides, la hormona testosterona y la histología testicular de todos los grupos. Las expresiones de proteínas reguladoras agudas (StAR) fosforiladas con tirosina y esteroidogénicas testiculares se examinaron mediante inmunotransferencia de tipo Western. Los resultados mostraron que CMC contiene TPC (39.24 ± 0.65 ug / mg de ácido de ajo), capacidades antioxidantes (FRAP = 33.08 ± 0.21 ug / mg de ácido ascórbico equivalente, IC50 de DPPH = 389.8 ± 3.20 ug / ml) y momordicina I (404.9 mg) / g CMC). La concentración de esperma en el grupo MCP80 + AVP aumentó en comparación con el grupo AVP. El nivel de testosterona en los grupos tratados con CMC aumentó significativamente. La CMC protegió el daño testicular y pudo prevenir la disminución de StAR y una expresión de proteína fosforilada de 50 kDa en los testículos tratados con AVP. En conclusión, la CMC tiene efectos antioxidantes y puede prevenir la toxicidad reproductiva en ratas machos inducidas por VPA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Testis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Momordica charantia , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Organ Size , Phenols/analysis , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Sterols/analysis , Testis/pathology , Testosterone/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Blotting, Western , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Valproic Acid/toxicity , Rats, Wistar , Protective Agents , Anticonvulsants/toxicityABSTRACT
The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) aqueous extract on male reproductive system of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia (HG) mice. GA were extracted with distilled water (DW) and analyzed for in vitro antioxidant capacities. ICR male mice were divided into 7 groups: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg/kg BW, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamide, 6 and 7) HG + GA 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW respectively (7 mice/ group). In HG groups, mice were induced by STZ at single dose (150 mg/kg BW). They were treated for consecutive 35 days. All groups were compared for blood glucose levels, weights and histopathologies of reproductive organs, sperm concentration including testicular tyrosine phosphorylation protein patterns by Immuno-Western blotting. The results showed that GA processed antioxidant activities and could significantly decrease blood glucose levels and increase sperm concentration in HG mice. Moreover, GA could change the density of a testicular 70 kDa protein in HG-GA groups. In conclusion, GA extract could improve hyperglycemia and male reproductive damages in STZ-induced HG mice.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del extracto acuoso de Momordica cochinchinensis (Gag) aril (GA) en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratones hiperglucémicos inducidos por estreptozotocina (STZ). GA fue extraída con agua destilada (DW) y se analizaron las capacidades antioxidantes in vitro. Ratones ICR machos fueron divididos en 7 grupos: 1) control, 2) DW, 3) GA 1000 mg / kg PC, 4) HG, 5) HG + glibenclamida, 6 y 7) HG + GA 500 y 1000 mg / kg PC, respectivamente (7 ratones / grupo). En los grupos HG, los ratones fueron inducidos con STZ en dosis única (150 mg / kg BW). Fueron tratados durante 35 días consecutivos. En todos los grupos se compararon los niveles de glucosa en sangre, los pesos y las histopatologías de los órganos reproductores, la concentración de espermatozoides, incluídos los patrones testiculares de proteínas tirosina fosforilada por Inmuno-Western blot. Los resultados mostraron que GA procesaba actividades antioxidantes y podían disminuir significativamente los niveles de glucosa en sangre y aumentar la concentración de espermatozoides en ratones HG. Además, GA podría cambiar la densidad de una proteína testicular de 70 kDa en grupos HG-GA. En conclusión, el extracto de GA podría mejorar la hiperglucemia y los daños reproductivos masculinos inducidos por STZ en ratones HG.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Testicular Diseases/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Momordica/chemistry , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Phenols/analysis , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Testis/drug effects , Tyrosine , Flavonoids/analysis , Blotting, Western , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Mice, Inbred ICR , Antioxidants/chemistryABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate protective effect of Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) aril extract on adverse reproductive parameters of male rat induced with valproic acid (VPA) commonly used in treatment for antiepileptic diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (control, VPA, 200 mg/kg BW of PE only, and 50, 100, 200 mg/kg BW MC+VPA, respectively). Animals were pretreated with aqueous MC extract for 23 days before co-administered with VPA induction for 10 days. At the end of experiment, all male reproductive parameters and testicular histology were examined. The results showed all doses of PE significantly protect the decrease the weights of epididymis and seminal vesicle but not of body and testicular weights. MC extract also increased sperm concentration and seminiferous tubular diameters in MC+VPA co-administrative groups. Moreover, testicular histology of MC+VPA groups showed significant declining of testicular histopathologies as compared to VPA group. It was concluded that M. Cochinchinensis aril extract can prevent adverse male reproductive parameters and testicular damage induced with VPA.
El objetivo fue investigar el efecto protector del extracto de arilo de Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) sobre los parámetros reproductivos adversos de la rata macho inducida con ácido valproico (AV) que se utiliza comúnmente en el tratamiento de enfermedades epilépticas. Las ratas se dividieron en 6 grupos (control, AV, 200 mg/kg por peso corporal de PE solamente, y 50, 100, 200 mg/kg por peso corporal MC+AV, respectivamente). Los animales fueron tratados previamente con extracto acuoso MC durante 23 días, antes de la administración de AV durante 10 días. Al término del experimento, se examinaron todos los parámetros reproductivos masculinos y la histología testicular. Los resultados indicaron que todas las dosis de PE protegen de manera significativa la disminución de los pesos de epidídimo y vesículas seminales, pero no de peso corporal y testicular. El extracto de MC también aumentó la concentración de espermatozoides y los diámetros de los túbulos seminíferos en los grupos de administración con MC+AV. Por otra parte, la histología testicular de los grupos MC+AV mostró una disminución significativa de histopatologías testiculares en comparación con el grupo AV. En conclusión, el extracto de arilo M. cochinchinensis puede prevenir la aparición de parámetros reproductivos masculinos negativos y los daños testiculares inducidos con AV.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Genitalia, Male/pathology , Infertility, Male/prevention & control , Momordica/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Infertility, Male/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Testicular Diseases/chemically induced , Testis/pathologyABSTRACT
Punicalagin is isolated from pomegranate and widely used for the treatment of different diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Punicalagin (purity ≥98%) on oxidative stress induced testicular damage and its effect on fertility. We detected the antioxidant potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress damage in testes, also tried to uncover the boosting fertility effect of Punicalagin (PU) against oxidative stress-induced infertility. Results demonstrated that 9 mg kg-1 for 7 days treatment significantly decreases LPS induced oxidative damage in testes and nitric oxide production. The administration of oxidative stress resulted in a significant reduction in testes antioxidants GSH, T-SOD, and CAT raised LPO, but treatment with punicalagin for 7 days increased antioxidant defense GSH, T-SOD, and CAT by the end of the experiment and reduced LPO level as well. PU also significantly activates Nrf2, which is involved in regulation of antioxidant defense systems. Hence, the present research categorically elucidates the protective effect of punicalagin against LPS induced oxidative stress induced perturbation in the process of spermatogenesis and significantly increased sperm health and number. Moreover, fertility success significantly decreased in LPS-injected mice compared to controls. Mice injected with LPS had fertility indices of 12.5%, while others treated with a combination of PU + LPS exhibited 75% indices. By promoting fertility and eliminating oxidative stress and inflammation, PU may be a useful nutrient for the treatment of infertility.
ABSTRACT
Male infertility caused by testicular damage is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in testicular tissues and plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis by activating cellular signaling pathways, but its role in testicular damage induced by diabetes remains unclear. A diabetic model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg kg-1 ) in Wistar rats. Animals then received GdCl 3 (an agonist of CaSR, 8.67 mg kg-1 ), NPS-2390 (an antagonist of CaSR, 0.20 g kg-1 ), or a combination of both 2 months after STZ injection. Diabetic rats had significantly lower testes weights and serum levels of testosterone compared to healthy rats, indicating testicular damage and dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Compared with healthy controls, the testicular tissues of diabetic rats overexpressed the CaSR protein and had higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and higher numbers of apoptotic germ cells. The testicular tissues from diabetic rats also expressed lower levels of Bcl-2 and higher levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in addition to higher phosphorylation rates of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal protein kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. The above parameters could be further increased or aggravated by the administration of GdCl 3 , but could be attenuated by injection of NPS-2390. In conclusion, the present results indicate that CaSR activation participates in diabetes-induced testicular damage, implying CaSR may be a potential target for protective strategies against diabetes-induced testicular damage and could help to prevent infertility in diabetic men.
ABSTRACT
β-cryptoxanthin (CRY), a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, is obtained naturally from orange vegetables and fruits. A few research studies have reported that CRY could decrease oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of CRY on acute cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 )-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. For this study, 24 rats were divided into four groups, one of which serves as a control group that received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of corn oil and physiological saline. The other rats were i.p. injected with CRY (10 μg kg-1 ) every 8 h, beginning 8 h before CdCl 2 (2.0 mg kg-1 ) treatment. The pathological and TUNEL findings revealed that CRY ameliorated the Cd-induced testicular histological changes and germ cell apoptosis in the rats. Furthermore, the Cd-induced decrease in the testicular testosterone (T) level was attenuated after CRY administration (P < 0.05). The administration of CRY significantly reversed the Cd-induced increases in the lipid peroxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.01). The testicular antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased by treatment with Cd alone but were restored by CRY co-treatment. These results demonstrated that the application of CRY can enhance the tolerance of rats to Cd-induced oxidative damage and suggest that it has promised as a pharmacological agent to protect against Cd-induced testicular toxicity.
ABSTRACT
Valproic acid (VPA), widely used in treating epileptic patients, can damage reproductive parameters causing male infertility. This study aimed to investigate protective effect of Phyllanthus emblica L. branch (PE) extract on rat testicular damage induced with VPA. Male rats were divided into 6 groups (control, VPA, 250 mg/kgBW PE only, and 50, 100, 250 mg/kgBW PE+VPA, respectively). Animals were pretreated with PE for 23 days and co-administered with VPA for 10 days before all reproductive parameters were determined. The results showed all doses of PE significantly protected the decrease testicular weight and testosterone level in VPA rats. PE significantly improved the decrease sperm concentration in VPA treated rats. Moreover, testicular histology of PE+VPA groups showed declining of testicular histopathologies as compared to VPA group. Therefore, it seems that PE branch extract can prevent testicular damages including male reproductive parameters in rats induced with VPA.
El ácido valproico (AVP) es utilizado frecuentemente en el tratamiento de pacientes epilépticos y puede dañar los parámetros reproductivos que causan la infertilidad masculina. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto protector de la rama Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) sobre el daño testicular de ratas inducidas con AVP. Ratas machos fueron divididas en 6 grupos (control, AVP, PE 250 mg/kg peso corporal, APV+ PE 50, 100, 250 mg/kg peso corporal, respectivamente). Los animales fueron pretratados con PE durante 23 días y se administró AVP durante 10 días antes de medir todos los parámetros reproductivos. Los resultados mostraron que todas las dosis de PE protegen significativamente el peso y los niveles reducidos de testosterona testicular en ratas con AVP. El extracto de PE mejoró significativamente la concentración de espermatozoides en ratas tratadas con AVP. Por otra parte, la histología testicular de los grupos PE+AVP mostró disminución de la histopatología testicular en comparación con el grupo tratado sólo con AVP. Por lo tanto, parece que el extracto de la rama PE puede prevenir daños testiculares incluyendo los parámetros reproductores masculinos en ratas inducidas con AVP.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Phyllanthus emblica/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Testis/drug effects , Testis/pathology , Valproic Acid/toxicity , Anticonvulsants/toxicity , Epididymis/drug effects , Epididymis/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Sperm CountABSTRACT
Aim: Allium cepa is consumed fresh or cooked in Nigeria and used as herb in ethnomedicinal practice against many ailments. The aqueous extract is used in the management of prostrate inflammation, alleviation of low sperm count and testicular damage related disorders in ethno medicine and folkloric medicine in the South-east regions of Nigeria. This study investigates the protective role of extract of Allium cepa bulb on spermatogenesis and testicular oxidative stress in male rats using Artesunate as testicular damage and oxidative stress inducing agent. Study Design and Methodology: The design consisted of 5 groups of 10 male Wistar rats (140-180g) each. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were given continuous oral challenge with 4.4mg/kgb.w Artesunate orally for two weeks to induce testicular damage. Animals were treated with 50, 150 and 300mg/kgb.w extract for 7 weeks. Groups 4 and 5 were not treated and served as normal and negative controls respectively. Animals were humanely euthanized, testes collected, homogenized and used for sperm count, motility and oxidative stress evaluation. Results: Artesunate mediated testicular damage caused a significant (p<0.01) reduction in sperm count (17.5±2.4x106ml/l) compared to normal control (140X106ml/l). Extract treatment of groups 1, 2 and 3 caused a dose-dependent reversal of sperm count, motility and morphology after 7 weeks. Treatment with the highest dose (300 mg/kg) of the extract reversed testicular oxidative induced lesions as shown by levels of enzymatic antioxidants; CAT (10.112±1.73μg/mg), SOD (39.41±2.35μg/mg) and GPx (0.55±0.17nmol/mg) and non-enzymatic antioxidants; MDA (0.98±0.05nmol/mg) and GSH (2.17±0.05mg) relative to normal control, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of Allium cepa in the management of prostrate inflammation and testicular lesions.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Testis is an important male reproductive and endocrine organ whose structure and function are altered in diabetes complicated disorders. Aim: This study evaluated the protective effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on diabetic rat testes. Methodology: Thirty six rats, weighing between 120-180g, were divided into six groups of 6 rats each. Groups 1 and 2 representing Normal (NC) and Diabetic Control (DC) received 0.5ml of dimethylsulphoxide. Group 3 received 5IU/kg b.w insulin; groups 4, 5 and 6 received 500mg/kg b.w of MO, 500mg/kg b.w of OG and 250mg/kg b.w of each extract respectively. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and histology of the testes were analysed after 28 days treatment. Results: MO, OG and the combination extract normalized the levels of FBG. Only the Moringa extract normalized the levels of testosterone, LH and FSH compared with DC. The OG extract had no effect on the level of the three sex hormones but provided a potentiating effect on the FSH level in the MO + OG group. The results were confirmed by histological studies which showed damage on the testes for the DC and OG and reversal of damage to the testes in MO and MO + OG groups. Conclusion: The combined extracts more than Moringa extract alone, had ameliorative effects on testicular architecture and spermatogenesis in diabetes and provide a cheap alternative to treating diabetes associated testicular damage and sexual dysfunction.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective effect of selenium in reversing methyl parathion -induced testicular damage in male rats, using light and electron microscopy with reference to plasma testosterone (T) and lutenizing hormone (LH) levels. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, Group 1: control animals. Group 2: animals were treated with sodium selenite in a dose (10μg/kg b.w). Group 3: rats were given methyl parathion in a dose (0.28 mg/kg b.w). Group 4: rats were received sodium selenite prior to treatment with methyl parathion. Results showed that animals exposed to methyl parathion displayed a reduction in body and testicular weight and a reduction in seminiferous tubules diameter. At the end of the treatments plasma testosterone and LH concentrations were reduced significantly in methyl parathion-treated rats. Light and electron microscopy of testes from treated animals with methyl parathion showed disorganization of tubular elements with increased intercellular space. Also, revealed necrosis and cellular damage. In addition, a significant increase in sperm DNA fragmentation was detected. Selenium supplementation to rats given methyl parathion improved the testicular damage. In conclusion, Selenium may be useful for the prevention and treatment of methyl parathion -induced testicular damage.
ABSTRACT
This review briefly considers the testicular damage elicited by environmental chemical pollution. It includes a short comment on environmental toxicology as an introduction to environmental chemical pollution, highlighting the importance of this current field of study and its impact on male reproductive health. Furthermore an experimental animal model addressing the effect of organophosphorated agropesticides as a testicular toxicant is presented. Moreover two relevant chemical contaminants and their effect on the testis, such as the classical case of lead and the rarely reported case of Boron on spermatogenesis, are considered. Additionally, the subject of biosentinel species and their relevance for the monitoring of pollution in aquatic and/or terrestrial ecosystems is considered. In conclusion, it should be stressed that environmental health is closely related to the reproductive health of all living beings.
Esta revisión considera el daño testicular provocado por la contaminación química ambiental. Incluye un breve comentario sobre toxicología ambiental a modo de introducción respecto a la polución química ambiental y destaca la importancia de este campo de estudio actual y su impacto sobre la salud reproductiva masculina. Además se presenta un modelo experimental animal concerniente al efecto de agropesticidas organofosforados como tóxicos testiculares. Se consideran dos contaminantes químicos relevantes y su efecto en el testículo como son el clásico caso del plomo y el menos conocido caso del boro y sus efectos sobre la espermatogénesis. También se trata el tema de las especies biocentinelas y su importancia para el monitoreo de la evolución de ecosistemas acuáticos y/o terrestres. En conclusión, es necesario insistir que la salud medioambiental está íntimamente relacionada con la salud reproductiva de todos los seres vivos.